{"id":1098,"date":"2026-02-04T10:42:35","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T10:42:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/makefishingfair.org\/?post_type=update&p=1098"},"modified":"2026-02-04T12:47:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T12:47:59","slug":"access-quotas-and-the-future-of-small-scale-fishing-in-norway","status":"publish","type":"update","link":"https:\/\/makefishingfair.org\/fr\/update\/access-quotas-and-the-future-of-small-scale-fishing-in-norway\/","title":{"rendered":"Acc\u00e8s, quotas et avenir de la p\u00eache artisanale en Norv\u00e8ge"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cr\u00e9dit photo : Solfrid Sande <\/em><\/p>\n

Par Alice Helleberg, p\u00eacheur \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle et d\u00e9fenseur des droits de l'homme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les voix de la mer est une s\u00e9rie d'articles d'opinion qui amplifie les perspectives des p\u00eacheurs artisanaux engag\u00e9s dans la campagne \"Pour une p\u00eache \u00e9quitable\". Chaque mois, un p\u00eacheur partagera son exp\u00e9rience du travail en mer, les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s de la p\u00eache artisanale dans son pays et ce qui doit changer pour assurer un avenir \u00e9quitable et durable \u00e0 la p\u00eache en Europe.<\/em><\/p>\n

J'ai grandi dans la campagne norv\u00e9gienne, entre Bergen et Stavanger, pr\u00e8s de la c\u00f4te, mais la p\u00eache ne faisait pas partie de mon enfance. J'ai suivi une formation et travaill\u00e9 dans le secteur de la sant\u00e9 et je pensais continuer dans ce domaine jusqu'en 2010, date \u00e0 laquelle j'ai rencontr\u00e9 mon mari, un p\u00eacheur de la troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. <\/p>\n

Nous avions discut\u00e9 du fait que je pourrais le rejoindre sur le bateau l'hiver suivant, sur une base limit\u00e9e, afin d'acqu\u00e9rir de l'exp\u00e9rience. \u00c0 l'approche de l'hiver, mon mari a achet\u00e9 un nouveau bateau et nous avons commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la possibilit\u00e9 de reprendre son ancien bateau. Ce qui n'\u00e9tait au d\u00e9part qu'une id\u00e9e provisoire s'est rapidement transform\u00e9 en un plan concret et, en l'espace de trois mois, je suis devenue propri\u00e9taire de mon premier bateau de p\u00eache.<\/p>\n

En f\u00e9vrier 2015, nous avons quitt\u00e9 la c\u00f4te ouest de la Norv\u00e8ge pour un long voyage vers le nord de la Norv\u00e8ge. Je l'ai fait sans aucune exp\u00e9rience pr\u00e9alable, que ce soit en mati\u00e8re de p\u00eache ou d'exploitation de navire. La courbe d'apprentissage \u00e9tait abrupte et il y avait peu de place pour les retards. D\u00e8s le premier jour, j'ai d\u00fb assumer l'enti\u00e8re responsabilit\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations. J'ai appris sur le tas, en m'adaptant rapidement et en renfor\u00e7ant mes comp\u00e9tences par une pratique quotidienne, une approche qui a fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois ma confiance en mer et mon engagement \u00e0 long terme envers la profession.<\/p>\n

Je suis consciente que je suis entr\u00e9e dans le secteur avec des avantages. J'ai b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d'une stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et d'un soutien, et je n'ai pas \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9e aux nombreux obstacles que d'autres, en particulier les femmes, rencontrent. Malgr\u00e9 cela, la p\u00eache reste une profession o\u00f9 la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 s'acquiert par la comp\u00e9tence. La responsabilit\u00e9, la constance et l'exp\u00e9rience sont essentielles, quel que soit le sexe.<\/p>\n

Aujourd'hui, mon mari et moi poss\u00e9dons trois navires. Sur mon bateau, je suis responsable des op\u00e9rations quotidiennes. Nous p\u00eachons principalement le crabe rouge et le crabe brun et nous g\u00e9rons nous-m\u00eames l'ensemble de la cha\u00eene de valeur, de la r\u00e9colte et de la cuisson \u00e0 la vente et au contact direct avec les clients. <\/p>\n

Pendant la saison du crabe, mes journ\u00e9es commencent avant 4h30 du matin et comprennent la cuisine, la p\u00eache, la logistique, les responsabilit\u00e9s familiales et l'ex\u00e9cution des commandes. En hiver, nous nous d\u00e9pla\u00e7ons vers le nord pendant des mois, en fonction des conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques et saisonni\u00e8res. Le travail est exigeant, mais il est structur\u00e9, qualifi\u00e9 et profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9 dans la tradition.<\/p>\n

Je me suis impliqu\u00e9e dans les organisations de p\u00eache non pas pour chercher \u00e0 exercer une influence, mais pour veiller \u00e0 ce que les r\u00e9glementations refl\u00e8tent les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s de la mer. Les changements de politique ont des cons\u00e9quences imm\u00e9diates pour les p\u00eacheurs c\u00f4tiers, mais les d\u00e9cisions sont souvent prises loin des communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eacheurs. Lorsque l'exp\u00e9rience pratique est exclue, les r\u00e9glementations risquent de cr\u00e9er des conflits inutiles ou d'\u00eatre inefficaces.<\/p>\n

J'ai \u00e9galement constat\u00e9 qu'une politique efficace peut am\u00e9liorer les conditions. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 notre travail d'organisation, nous avons contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la r\u00e9glementation de la p\u00eache au filet maillant le long de la c\u00f4te. La limitation du nombre de filets dans les fjords a permis de r\u00e9duire les conflits, d'am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de cr\u00e9er de meilleures conditions pour les petits p\u00eacheurs. Lorsque les r\u00e9glementations sont fond\u00e9es sur des connaissances op\u00e9rationnelles r\u00e9elles, elles tendent \u00e0 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 la p\u00eache et \u00e0 la gestion des ressources.<\/p>\n

Le changement environnemental est aujourd'hui l'un des facteurs les plus importants qui influencent notre travail. Les stocks de cabillaud se sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers le nord et les temp\u00e9ratures de l'eau sont plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es qu'auparavant. Les zones o\u00f9 la p\u00eache locale \u00e9tait autrefois pratiqu\u00e9e n\u00e9cessitent d\u00e9sormais des d\u00e9placements sur de longues distances vers des r\u00e9gions telles que le Finnmark occidental. Ces changements soulignent \u00e0 quel point les p\u00eacheries d\u00e9pendent d'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins et environnementaux sains.<\/p>\n

C'est pourquoi la coop\u00e9ration est essentielle, entre les p\u00eacheurs, les scientifiques et les d\u00e9cideurs politiques, et au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res nationales. Les stocks de poissons ne suivent pas les fronti\u00e8res politiques et leur gestion durable d\u00e9pend de connaissances partag\u00e9es et d'une r\u00e9flexion \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s, je ne suis pas pessimiste quant \u00e0 l'avenir de la p\u00eache en Norv\u00e8ge. De plus en plus de jeunes entrent dans le secteur et le nombre de femmes continue d'augmenter. La p\u00eache m'a donn\u00e9 un but professionnel, des comp\u00e9tences techniques et un lien fort avec les communaut\u00e9s c\u00f4ti\u00e8res. Elle m'a \u00e9galement fait prendre conscience de l'importance de plaider en faveur d'une gestion \u00e9quitable, \u00e9clair\u00e9e et pratique de la p\u00eache.<\/p>\n

J'ai choisi d'\u00eatre p\u00eacheur. Continuer \u00e0 le choisir, c'est aussi s'engager dans le plaidoyer n\u00e9cessaire pour que les petits p\u00eacheurs, et en particulier les femmes, aient les droits, la reconnaissance et l'influence n\u00e9cessaires pour soutenir \u00e0 la fois leurs moyens de subsistance et les communaut\u00e9s c\u00f4ti\u00e8res qui d\u00e9pendent d'eux.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Cr\u00e9dit : Runa Andersen<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Photo Credit: Solfrid Sande By Alice Helleberg, Small-Scale Fisher and Advocate Voices from the Sea is an op-ed series amplifying the perspectives of small-scale fishers engaged in the Make Fishing Fair campaign. 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